HARVARD UNIVERSITY :
Harvard University, founded in 1636, is the oldest
institution of higher education in the United States
and a world-renowned member of the Ivy League.
Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
it is consistently ranked among the top universities
globally.Harvard comprises thirteen schools &
institutes, including the highly ranked Business 
School, Medical School, and Law School. Its mission 
is to educate citizens &citizen-leaders through 
groundbreaking research and a commitment
to excellence. Harvard's vast library system, 
historic campus, and influential alumni network—
including numerous Nobel laureates, 
U.S. presidents,and global leaders—
underscore its profound impact on academia,
innovation,and society worldwide.".
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY ▏哈佛大学

哈佛大学创立于1636年，是世界上最古老的顶尖私立研究型大学之一。位于美国马萨诸塞州波士顿，
由马萨诸塞州殖民地立法机关创建。哈佛的创立比美国建国还早近一个半世纪，因此被视为美国本土历史
最悠久的高等学府。最早校训是“Veritas Christoet Ecclesiae”，英文为“Truth for Christ and the Church”，
意为“追求基督教与教会意义上的真”。随着哈佛的世俗化以及与宗教脱离关系，逐步简化成了一个词——Veritas“真理”。
这一理念贯穿于哈佛的教学与研究之中，鼓励学生以批判性思维探索世界本质，为解决人类社会面临的复杂问题贡献力量。

哈佛大学是常春藤盟校成员之一，全球大学高研院联盟成员，常年荣居U.S. News世界大学排名世界第一 。
哈佛拥有全世界公认最顶级师资队伍学术资源，拥有全美最高的捐赠总额，拥有世界一流的研究设施，
从创始以来以“educate citizens and citizen leaders （培养公民和公民领袖）”为目标的最高学府，
每年都吸引着全世界最顶尖的人才（学生、教授）加入哈佛，也是全球最难进入的大学之一。

  

哈佛大学作为全球顶尖学府，拥有50个本科专业、134个研究生学位、和32个专业学位，学科门类齐全，拥有法学、商学、
医学、工程、教育、文学、理学、社会科学等众多学院和研究机构，其优势学科涵盖生命科学、法学、
商学、计算机科学等领域，图书馆系统规模居全美前列。其中最著名的是哈佛大学医学院。
目前由哈佛学院、12个研究生专业学院及拉德克利夫高等研究院组成，拥有约3万名在校生。
共培养了8位美国总统，160多名诺贝尔奖得主(世界第一)和18位菲尔兹奖得主（世界第一），都是全球第一的领先地位。
此外，哈佛还有14位图灵奖得主（排名世界第四），表明其在计算机科学领域的领先地位。其在文学、医学、法学、
商学等多个领域拥有崇高的学术地位及广泛的影响力，被公认为是当今世界最顶尖的高等教育机构之一。
这些成就得益于哈佛的优秀硬件设施、体制、学术氛围和吸引全球人才的能力。


美国总统与政府高层：
哈佛校友中产生了8位美国总统，这一数字在美国高校中首屈一指。从美国建国初期的约翰·亚当斯（美国第二任总统，哈佛1755届毕业生）
到近代的巴拉克·奥巴马（哈佛法学院1991届毕业生，美国第44任总统），哈佛深刻影响了美国政治走向。
奥巴马Obama在哈佛学习期间积累了丰富的知识和政治素养。他步入政坛后，凭借自身能力和理念赢得广泛支持，当选为美国总统。
在任期间，他在医疗改革、外交政策等诸多方面推行了一系列举措，对美国乃至全球政治格局都产生了重要影响，
成为备受关注的政治领袖。

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（哈佛1903届毕业生）领导美国度过了大萧条和二战；
约翰·F·肯尼迪（哈佛1940届毕业生）则以“新边疆”政策开启了美国社会改革的新篇章。

哈佛毕业生在美国政府中担任要职的比例同样惊人。根据2023年统计，美国国会中有超过10%的议员拥有哈佛教育背景，
最高法院大法官中哈佛校友比例超过30%。内阁部长、国家安全顾问、驻外大使等高层职位中，哈佛校友的身影无处不在。


科技领域的创造发明/诺贝尔科学奖:
作为世界顶尖的研究型大学，哈佛在科学技术领域的贡献同样卓越。
其校友和教职人员在基础科学研究和应用技术创新方面取得了众多突破性成果，推动了人类对自然世界的理解和改造。
截至2024年，哈佛校友、教授和研究人员中共有160余位诺贝尔奖获得者，其中超过三分之二集中在物理学、化学和生理学或医学领域。
这一数字在全球高校中遥遥领先，彰显了哈佛在基础科学研究方面的卓越实力。


物理学领域
哈佛校友珀西·布里奇曼（1946年诺贝尔物理学奖得主）在高压物理学方面的开创性研究，为材料科学奠定了基础；
罗伊·格劳伯（2005年诺贝尔物理学奖得主）对光学相干性的量子理论贡献，直接促进了量子光学和激光技术的发展。

化学领域
哈佛教授马丁·卡普拉斯（2013年诺贝尔化学奖得主）开发的多尺度复杂化学系统模型，
彻底改变了化学反应的计算机模拟；校友乔治·史密斯（2018年诺贝尔化学奖得主）发明的噬菌体展示技术，
为抗体药物的开发开辟了新途径。

生理学或医学领域
哈佛的贡献更为显著。沃尔特·吉尔伯特（1980年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主）在DNA测序方法上的突破，
开启了基因组学时代；杰克·索斯塔克（2009年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主）对端粒和端粒酶保护染色体的发现，
深化了人类对衰老和癌症机制的理解。

前沿科技领域的领导地位：
哈佛在当代前沿科技领域同样处于全球领先地位。
在人工智能方面，哈佛教授莱斯利·瓦利安特（2010年图灵奖得主）创立了计算学习理论，
为机器学习奠定了数学基础；校友尤尔根·施密德胡贝（深度学习先驱）被誉为“现代人工智能之父”。

生物技术领域
哈佛大学威斯研究所（Wyss Institute）开创的仿生学方法，推动了从可编程纳米材料到器官芯片技术的革命性创新。
乔治·丘奇（哈佛医学院教授）在基因组学合成生物学方面的开创性工作，直接促进了CRISPR基因编辑技术的发展和临床应用。

科技创新与创业生态：哈佛不仅产出前沿科技成果，更构建了完整的科技创新与创业生态系统。
据统计，截至2023年，哈佛校友创立了超过14,000家活跃企业，其中包括：

微软Microsoft（比尔·盖茨）
他带领团队开发出一系列具有开创性的操作系统等软件产品，推动了计算机在全球的普及和应用。
他的微软公司在很长时间内主导着全球个人电脑操作系统市场，对信息技术产业的发展起到了关键的引领作用，
是计算机行业的标志性人物。比尔盖茨在计算机领域有着卓越贡献，推动了全球信息技术的发展。


脸书Facebook/元宇宙Meta（马克·扎克伯格）
他在大学期间就展现出了非凡的创业天赋，创建了后来风靡全球的社交网络平台。这个平台让世界各地的人们能够轻松地交流、
分享生活点滴，极大地改变了社交模式。它不仅成为人们日常沟通的重要工具，还在商业、文化等诸多领域产生了深远影响，
吸引了无数用户，也造就了巨大的商业价值，扎克伯格也因此成为全球瞩目的企业家。




曾任美国总统的八位哈佛校友是约翰·亚当斯、约翰·昆西.亚当斯、拉瑟福德·海斯、西奥多·罗斯福、富兰克林·罗斯福、
约翰·肯尼迪、布什、奥巴马。著名外交家、美国前国务卿亨利·基辛格也出自哈佛。虽然哈佛是全球最难入读的学府之一。
但众多知名华人也毕业于哈佛。他们涵盖科学、文学、政治等多个领域。以下是一些代表性人物：


陈寅恪：历史学家、古典文学研究家，1918年赴哈佛大学学习梵文和巴利文。陈寅恪、汤用彤、吴宓?这三人常被合称为“哈佛三杰”，
他们在20世纪初于哈佛大学共同学习，师从新人文主义大师白璧德，归国后参与创立学衡派，对中国现代学术和文化论争有深远影响。
梁思成：中国著名建筑历史学家和建筑教育家，贝聿铭：世界顶级建筑大师，代表作包括卢浮宫玻璃金字塔和香港中银大厦.
马友友：美国籍华裔大提琴演奏者、演员.林语堂：文学家、语言学家，1919年入哈佛大学文学系，1922年获硕士学位。
竺可桢：气象学家、地理学家，中国近代气象学奠基人，1918年获哈佛大学气象学博士学位。
作为第二批留美“庚款生”，他在伊利诺伊大学学习农学后，转至哈佛大学攻读气象学博士学位。
毕业后，他拒绝美国多家机构邀请，回国任教，推动了中国气象学和地理学的发展，是浙江大学前校长。

梁实秋：散文家、文学批评家，在哈佛大学选修白璧德课程，深受其影响。杨杏佛：科学家、社会活动家，留学期间在哈佛大学学习，并创办《科学》杂志。
马英九：政治家，获哈佛大学法学博士学位。胡先骕：植物学家，中国植物分类学奠基人，1912年进入哈佛大学学习植物学。
此外，还有梅光迪、吴宓、汤用彤等学者在哈佛大学学习并推动新人文主义思想传播。



哈佛大学受捐资金居于世界科研机构之首，在2013年已经累计达到320亿美元，
是仅次于比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会的最大捐赠基金；哈佛年平均科研经费超过7亿五千万美元,
为14个学院上百个研究机构提供支持。 
截止2024年7月，哈佛大学拥有超过5800项发明专利，哈佛创新实验室催化了5000多个创业公司。
历史上，哈佛大学的科学家在医学创新和科学进步方面也取得了诸多成就：
1950年代，哈佛研究人员发明了心脏除颤的技术，1954年，实现了人类历史上首次器官移植 ，
此外还包括将天花疫苗引入美国、发现产褥热的病因和预防方式、首次应用了外科手术中的麻醉技术、
发现了昆虫传播疾病的机制，发现了坏血病的病因，并提出了热灭活疫苗的概念、
成功实施世界上首例心脏瓣膜手术、首次确定完整的病毒颗粒结构等、
首次使用磁共振成像（MRI）进行诊断等。


2014年3月27日《自然》杂志发布年度报告，2013年在《自然》杂志上发表高质量论文的贡献指数，
哈佛大学位列第一，中国科学院在这份榜单上居于全球第6位。 [
在《sciencewatch》发布的1999—2009十年间论文引用排名中，哈佛大学同样高居首位。 
2020年，哈佛大学的天文学家团队宣布发现在太阳系的后方存在着一条波浪状的气体云链，
它沿着银河系的旋臂孕育着星团。为了纪念发现这种波动现象的哈佛大学拉德克利夫研究所，
科学家们将这种新型结构命名为“拉德克利夫波”。 

此外，哈佛大学开展了“伽利略计划”（The Galileo Project），旨在通过先进的望远镜观测技术
寻找地外科技文明（ETC）。 2022年，哈佛大学的科研经费支出金额为940万美元。
截至2025年，该校已有161位诺贝尔奖获得者，奖项类别涵盖物理学、化学、医学、文学、和平、经济学等多个领域。 
科研排名方面，哈佛大学在上海软科发布的2023年世界大学学术排名（ARWU）中位列第一，
在自然指数（Nature Index）发布的2023年全球机构学术排名中也位居榜首。 


哈佛图书馆
哈佛大学图书馆系统创立于1638年，拥有800余名工作人员，在全球范围内的25座以上图书馆中
与学者和学生开展交流与合作。其馆藏总量超过两千万件，涵盖纸本文献与数字资源，
以广泛的国际影响力和深度著称，资料内容涉及各学科的发展，覆盖460多种语言。
哈佛大学图书馆系统是美国最大的学术图书馆之一。


哈佛大学图书馆的中央系统位于哈佛庭院的怀德纳图书馆内，整个系统覆盖80所不同的图书馆，
整体馆藏量超过1600万册，使其成为全美最大的学术图书馆网络，同时位居全美第三
（仅次于美国国会图书馆和波士顿公共图书馆）。 不同的图书馆适合不同类型的读者进入：
位处于剑桥市本部的加博科学图书馆、拉蒙特图书馆及怀德纳图书馆为本科生最常去的图书馆；
霍顿图书馆及亚瑟·伊丽莎白施莱辛格图书馆专门收藏有关美国女性地位发展的历史参考；
哈佛大学数据库搜罗了各种珍贵的书籍及手抄搞；
美国一些最古老的地图、地名册等能在哈佛的蒲赛图书馆内找到；
哈佛燕京图书馆内则保管与东亚古老语言相涉的文献。 
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Harvard University, founded in 1636, is one of the world's oldest and most prestigious 
private research universities. Located in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, it was established 
by the colonial legislature of Massachusetts. Harvard's founding predates the establishment 
of the United States by nearly a century and a half, making it the oldest institution of higher
education in the country. Its earliest motto was "Veritas Christo et Ecclesiae," which 
translates to "Truth for Christ and the Church," meaning "the pursuit of truth in the context 
of Christianity and the Church." As Harvard secularized and distanced itself from religion, 
the motto was gradually simplified to a single word—Veritas, meaning "Truth." 
This philosophy permeates Harvard's teaching and research, encouraging students to 
explore the essence of the world through critical thinking and to contribute to solving 
complex problems facing human society.



Harvard is a member of the Ivy League and the Global University Leaders Forum, 
consistently ranking first in the U.S. News World University Rankings. It boasts the world's
most renowned faculty and academic resources, the highest endowment in the United States, 
and world-class research facilities. Since its founding, Harvard has aimed to "Educate Citizens 
and Citizen Leaders," Attracting The World’s most talented individuals (students and professors) 
each year. It is also one of the most difficult universities to gain admission to globally.

As a top global institution, Harvard offers 50 undergraduate majors, 134 graduate degrees, 
and 32 professional degrees, covering a wide range of disciplines. It has numerous schools 
and research institutes in law, business, medicine, engineering, education, humanities, sciences,
 and social sciences. Its strengths include life sciences, law, business, computer science, 
and more, with its library system ranking among the largest in the United States. 
Among its most renowned schools is Harvard Medical School. Currently, Harvard consists 
of Harvard College, 12 graduate and professional schools, and the Radcliffe Institute for 
Advanced Study, with approximately 30,000 students enrolled. Harvard has produced 8 U.S. presidents, 
over 160 Nobel laureates (No.1 in the world), and 18 Fields Medalists (No.1 in the world), 
demonstrating its leading position. Additionally, Harvard has 14 Turing Award winners (No.4 in the world/
Ranking fourth worldwide),highlighting its leadership in computer science. It holds a prestigious 
academic standing and wields broad influence in fields such as literature, medicine, law, and business, 
widely regarded as one of the world's foremost higher education institutions. These achievements 
are attributed to Harvard’s excellent facilities, institutional framework, academic atmosphere, 
and ability to attract global talent.



U.S. Presidents and Senior Government Officials:
Harvard alumni have produced 8 U.S. presidents, a record unmatched by any other American university. 
From John Adams (the second U.S. president, Harvard class of 1755) in the early days of the 
United States to Barack Obama (Harvard Law School class of 1991, the 44th U.S. president), 
Harvard has profoundly influenced American politics. During his time at Harvard, 
Obama accumulated extensive knowledge and political acumen. Upon entering politics,
 his capabilities and vision earned him widespread support, leading to his election as president. 
During his tenure, he implemented policies in healthcare reform, foreign policy, and other areas, 
significantly impacting the political landscape of the United States and the world, 
making him a highly influential political leader.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Harvard class of 1903) led the United States through the Great Depression 
and World War II; John F. Kennedy (Harvard class of 1940) ushered in a new era of social reform with 
his "New Frontier" policies.

The proportion of Harvard graduates in high-ranking U.S. government positions is equally remarkable.
According to 2023 statistics, over 10% of members of the U.S. Congress have a Harvard education, 
and more than 30% of Supreme Court justices are Harvard alumni. Harvard alumni are ubiquitous 
in roles such as cabinet secretaries, national security advisors, and ambassadors.




Innovations in Science and Technology / Nobel Prizes in Science:
As a world-leading research university, Harvard has made outstanding contributions to science and
technology. Its alumni and faculty have achieved numerous breakthroughs in basic scientific 
research and applied technological innovation, advancing humanity’s understanding and 
transformation of the natural world. As of 2024, Harvard alumni, professors, and researchers 
include over 160 Nobel laureates, with more than two-thirds concentrated in physics, chemistry, 
and physiology or medicine. This number far exceeds that of any other university globally, 
highlighting Harvard’s excellence in basic scientific research.

Physics:
Harvard alumnus Percy Bridgman (1946 Nobel Prize in Physics) conducted pioneering research 
in high-pressure physics, laying the foundation for materials science; 
Roy Glauber (2005 Nobel Prize in Physics) contributed to the quantum theory of optical 
coherence, directly advancing quantum optics and laser technology.

Chemistry:
Harvard professor Martin Karplus (2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) developed multiscale models 
for complex chemical systems, revolutionizing computer simulations of chemical reactions; 
alumnus George Smith (2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) invented phage display technology, 
opening new avenues for antibody drug development.

Physiology or Medicine:
Harvard’s contributions are even more notable. Walter Gilbert (1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology 
or Medicine) made breakthroughs in DNA sequencing methods, ushering in the genomics era; 
Jack Szostak (2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) discovered how telomeres and 
telomerase protect chromosomes, deepening the understanding of aging and cancer 
mechanisms.

Leadership in Cutting-Edge Technology:
Harvard also leads globally in contemporary cutting-edge technology. In artificial intelligence, 
Harvard professor Leslie Valiant (2010 Turing Award winner) founded computational learning 
theory, laying the mathematical foundation for machine learning; 
alumnus Jürgen Schmidhuber (a pioneer in deep learning) is hailed as 
the "father of modern artificial intelligence."

Biotechnology:
Harvard’s Wyss Institute pioneered biomimetic methods, driving revolutionary innovations 
from programmable nanomaterials to organ-on-a-chip technology. 
George Church (a professor at Harvard Medical School) made groundbreaking contributions 
to genomics and synthetic biology, directly advancing the
 development and clinical application of 
CRISPR gene-editing technology.

Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem:
Harvard not only produces cutting-edge scientific achievements but has also built a 
comprehensive innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem. As of 2023, 
Harvard alumni have founded over 14,000 active companies, including:



Microsoft (Bill Gates)
He led his team in developing a series of groundbreaking software products, 
includingoperating systems, which promoted the global proliferation and application of 
computers. For a long time, his company, Microsoft, dominated the global personal 
computer operating system market and played a pivotal leading role in the development 
of the information technology industry.He is an iconic figure in the computer industry. 
Bill Gates has made outstanding contributions to the field of computing, driving the 
advancement of global information technology.




Facebook/Meta (Mark Zuckerberg)
He demonstrated exceptional entrepreneurial talent while in college by creating 
the social networking platform that later gained worldwide popularity. 
This platform allows people from all over the world to communicate easily and share 
moments from their lives, significantly transforming social interaction patterns. 
It has not only become an essential tool for daily communication but also exerted 
profound influence in business, culture, and many other fields, attracting countless 
users and generating immense commercial value. As a result, 
Zuckerberg has become a globally renowned entrepreneur.




The eight U.S. presidents who are Harvard alumni are John Adams, John Quincy Adams, 
Rutherford B. Hayes,Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, 
George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. Prominent diplomat and former U.S. Secretary of 
State Henry Kissinger also graduated from Harvard. Although Harvard is one of the 
most difficult universities to gain admission to globally, many notable Chinese individuals 
have graduated from Harvard, spanning fields such as science, literature, and politics. 
Below are some representative figures:



Chen Yinke: Historian and classical literature researcher, he went to Harvard University 
in 1918 to study Sanskrit and Pali. Chen Yinke, Tang Yongtong, and Wu Mi are often 
collectively referred to as the "Harvard Three Giants."They studied together at 
Harvard University in the early 20th century under the tutelage of the New Humanist 
master Irving Babbitt. After returning to China, they participated in founding the
Critical Review (Xueheng) school, which had a profound influence on modern Chinese 
academic and cultural debates.

Liang Sicheng: A renowned Chinese architectural historian and architectural educator.
I. M. Pei: A world-renowned master architect, with representative works including the 
Louvre Glass Pyramid and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong.

Yo-Yo Ma: An American-Chinese cellist and actor.
Lin Yutang: Writer and linguist. He entered the Department of Literature at Harvard 
University in 1919 and earned a master's degree in 1922.


Zhu Kezhen: Meteorologist and geographer, the founder of modern meteorology 
in China. He received his Ph.D. in meteorology from Harvard University in 1918. 
As a second-generation "Boxer Indemnity Scholar" studying in the United States, 
he first studied agriculture at the University of Illinois before transferring to 
Harvard University to pursue his Ph.D. in meteorology. After graduation, 
he declined invitations from various American institutions, returned to China to 
teach, and promoted the development of meteorology and geography in China. 
He also served as the former president of Zhejiang University.

Liang Shiqiu: Essayist and literary critic, took courses under Irving Babbitt at 
Harvard and was deeply influenced by him.
Yang Xingfo: Scientist and social activist, studied at Harvard University during 
his time abroad and founded the journal "Science."
Ma Ying-jeou: Politician, earned a Doctor of Juridical Science degree from 
Harvard University.

Hu Xiansu: Botanist, a founder of plant taxonomy in China, entered Harvard University 
in 1912 to study botany.Additionally, scholars such as Mei Guangdi, Wu Mi, and 
Tang Yongtong studied at Harvard and promoted the dissemination of 
neo-humanist thought.



Harvard University's endowment is the largest among global research institutions, 
reaching $32 billion by 2013, making it the largest endowment fund after the Bill & 
Melinda Gates Foundation. Harvard's average annual research funding exceeds $750 
million, supporting hundreds of research institutions across its 14 schools. 
As of July 2024, Harvard holds over 5,800 patents, and the Harvard Innovation Lab 
has catalyzed more than 5,000 startup companies. Historically, Harvard scientists 
have achieved numerous accomplishments in medical innovation and scientific
advancement: In the 1950s, Harvard researchers invented the technology for cardiac 
defibrillation. In 1954, they performed the first organ transplant in human history. 
Other achievements include introducing the smallpox vaccine to the United States, 
discovering the cause and prevention of puerperal fever, first applying anesthesia 
in surgery, uncovering the mechanism of insect-borne diseases, identifying the cause 
of scurvy, proposing the concept of heat-inactivated vaccines, successfully 
performing the world's first heart valve surgery, first determining the complete 
structure of a virus particle, and first using magnetic resonance 
imaging (MRI) for diagnosis.

On March 27, 2014, the journal Nature released its annual report, ranking Harvard
first in the contribution index for publishing high-quality papers in Nature in 2013. 
The Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked sixth globally on this list. 
In the ScienceWatch citation rankings for 1999–2009, Harvard also ranked first. 
In 2020, a team of Harvard astronomers announced the discovery of a wavy chain 
of gas clouds behind the solar system, nurturing star clusters along the spiral arms 
of the Milky Way. To commemorate the Harvard Radcliffe Institute, where this wave 
phenomenon was discovered, scientists named this new structure the "Radcliffe Wave."

Additionally, Harvard launched "The Galileo Project," aimed at using advanced 
telescope observation technology to search for extraterrestrial technological 
civilizations (ETC). In 2022, Harvard's research expenditure amounted to $9.4 million.
 As of 2025, the university has produced 161 Nobel laureates, spanning fields such 
as physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economics. 
In terms of research rankings, Harvard ranked first in the 2023 Academic Ranking 
of World Universities (ARWU) released by ShanghaiRanking and also 
topped the 2023 Nature Index Global Institutional Academic Ranking.



Harvard Library
The Harvard University Library system was founded in 1638 and employs over 800 staff. 
It engages in exchanges and collaborations with scholars and students across more than 
25 libraries worldwide. Its total collection exceeds 20 million items, encompassing both 
print and digital resources, and is renowned for its broad international influence and 
depth. The materials cover developments across various disciplines and are available 
in over 460 languages. The Harvard University Library system is one of the largest 
academic libraries in the United States.


The central system of the Harvard University Library is located in the Widener Library 
within Harvard Yard. The entire system encompasses 80 different libraries, 
with a total collection exceeding 16 million volumes, making it the largest academic 
library network in the United States and the third largest overall (after the Library of 
Congress and the Boston Public Library). Different libraries cater to various types of 
readers: the Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library, located in 
the Cambridge campus, are the most frequented by undergraduates; the Houghton
Library and the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library specialize in historical 
references related to the development of women's status in America; 
the Harvard University Database gathers a variety of precious books and manuscripts; 
some of the oldest maps and gazetteers in the United States can be found in the
Harvard Map Collection; the Harvard-Yenching Library houses documents 
related to ancient East Asian languages.

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